tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82351709126263893092024-03-04T22:41:03.932-08:00Kaisa's virtual bookshelfKaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.comBlogger397125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-42178085174982053502021-11-03T22:30:00.001-07:002021-11-03T22:30:00.150-07:00Each passenger is provided with descriptive folders<p>The 10-kr. “joy flight” over Stockholm, mentioned in an earlier chapter, is a mere appetizer for this air classic to Finland and Esthonia. Your pilot taxis the big seaplane into the wind, rushes over the water, skims the wavelets with swift rat-tat-tat, rises decisively and — you're off! Over the garden city, the civilized suburbs, the lush inner skerries, the bleak outer skerries, and finally a fifteen-minute dash over the open Baltic, and then appear the myriad dots and dashes which are the outer isles of Finland.</p><p>Each passenger is provided with descriptive folders of the trip, a clear large-scale map, and (to wet flying whistles) a free bottle of mineral water. The only comfort which is denied is that of the smoking weed, for severe signs state not only Rökning Förbjuden but Tupakkaan Poltto Kielletty, which is the crisp Finnish warning against smoking.</p><p>Two and a half hours after quitting Stockholm you seem to be settling down upon a pine forest, but the plane slides just over the tree tops and settles as gracefully as a silver gull in the haven of Åbo, Finland's western port. It is but an hour thence across "The Land of Forty Thousand Lakes” (the more enthusiastic brochures say sixty thousand) to the bright capital of Finland, known in that nationalistic country as Helsinki, though its more limpid Swedish name, Helsingfors, refuses to die out.</p><p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89058842824">Sidney A. Clark: Sweden on fifty dollars. 1936</a></p>Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-90312166046803909922021-09-01T21:16:00.001-07:002021-09-01T21:16:00.180-07:00It is appropriate here to present the reader with some account of Abo<p>It is appropriate here to present the reader with some account of Abo. "The city of Abo, pronounced Obo (the Finnish name is Turtu), contains about 14,000 inhabitants. It has four or five barracks, some of them built of wood, which in time of peace have in them from 3000 to 4000 Russians, as the Fins call all soldiers. The town is defenceless as to forts and fortifications. </p><p>There is an old Swedish palace at the mouth of the river, called the Slott (palace or castle), now used as a prison and barrack; but it has no guns or defence except its walls, strongly grated with thick bars of iron. The low buildings in front appear much older than the two long wings. There has been a moat in front, from the river to the sea to the right; but it has little water, and resembles a large ditch. </p><p>Behind the Slott is a bridge, half a mile long, made of piles, and connecting the island of Runsalla with the main-land. Runsalla was given by the government a few years ago to the town; it is one of the very few islands off the Finnish coast upon which the oak grows; it is divided into lots, which are sold for building villas upon; but the purchaser may not cut down an oak, even if it interferes with his view or his building, as they are reserved by the crown for shipbuilding, though they are nearly all rotten. </p><p>Opposite Runsalla is the island of Beckholm, where large ships anchor and discharge into lighters, as there is not water enough in the river for vessels drawing more than twelve to fourteen feet. Passenger steamers proceed up to the lower bridge, though they sometimes get aground in the river when the water is low, as it is when there is an east wind."</p><p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t1rf6b46g">The illustrated history of the war against Russia. 1857</a></p>Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-27287391693043614412021-08-18T21:08:00.000-07:002021-08-18T21:08:00.356-07:00What is the meaning of the barefoot women and girls in rural Finland?<p> What marvels are the Finnish rural women — marvels of vitality, industry, robust interest! They seem to do all that any man can do, and then some. Cheerfully they tend the cows, feed them, milk them, clean their stalls, make cheese, make butter, care for their children, keep house; then weave, knit, read, go to school. They hold to their bosom ideals of art, learning, music, home, country. Boys bow and click their heels together. Girls modestly curtsy. Hospitality is naive, direct, neither stilted nor nervous.</p><p>What is the meaning of the barefoot women and girls in rural Finland? Is it a relic of age-old inferiority in the masculine mind? Is it an economic necessity? Why no running water in houses? Why no washing machines? Would rural sociological research mend matters any more quickly? Would statistics help? Must a country wait till a Grundtvig comes? Or a Snellman?</p><p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924080031010">My drift into rural sociology : memoirs of Charles Josiah Galpin. (1938)</a></p>Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-1379047631043021632020-05-09T21:50:00.000-07:002020-05-09T21:50:02.140-07:00The market at HelsingforsIt is a showery day. Along this stone pier, nearly up to its level, now at high water, lie a hundred fishing-boats, the prow of each touching the pier. Each rude vessel is a residence and a place of business. Looking down into one dark, smoke-begrimed cabin — a junk shop and blacksmith forge in one — you see two men eating. Salt fish in one hand and hard tack in the other, these form a fisherman's lunch. These huge, dark wheels, a foot in diameter, are sometimes strung together by twine passing through a hole in the center of each. Soaked in coffee I have found them palatable, if one be hungry, but the Russian black bread is too much like asphaltum pavement a year old, both in color, density and weight. A wedge and heavy hammer would be needed to break it. The Emperor is said to have kept a block of it, cut into the form of a cube, for a paper weight. Irony, if not iron, is in it. The absence of sweets and other delicacies which ruin American teeth is a compensation for coarse food, and explains the superior integrity and beauty of the teeth of foreign peasantry. Thousands who never saw a tooth-brush have never felt a toothache.<br />
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Here are milk-boats with firkins holding a dozen gallons; butter-boats with buckets of butter, nice and yellow ; potato-boats filled with bags and boxes ; fish-boats with nameless and numberless specimens, animate and exanimate. Fish squirming in a net were weighed by steelyards. If there were too many the fish were dropped into the water bucket. Scores of stalls, covered and open, filled the square near the boats. A hundred sunburnt women sold cheap dry goods, fancy ware, or stationery. The greengrocer, the baker, and the farmer sold from their carts as well as from stands.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Edward P. Thwing: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t3mw33q7b">Outdoor life in Europe or sketches of seven summers abroad</a>. 1888</div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-58018247835651929902020-04-23T22:05:00.000-07:002020-04-23T22:05:00.155-07:00The room swarmed with verminI had arranged for my onward passage in an office which led me to expect by its appearance and the formalities of the agent, accommodation superior to the Fürst Menchikoff; but imagine my surprise, as I groped my way on board the Abo boat, to find myself among a cargo of oxen, through which I had to work to reach the stern of the vessel. The return of daylight explained this arrangement ; and the good-humoured civility of the little skipper made his craft far more agree able than the haughty exclusiveness and artificial consequence of the Fürst Menchikoff. The vessel was as large, but was decked only fore and aft, the midship being open and appropriated entirely to the transport of cattle ; they proved to be no annoyance, and the unpretending arrangements for the passengers were enhanced by an anxiety to please. Our society was small but agreeable and friendly — a Russian general taking his young wife to Abo to meet her parents ; some other officers, a Swedish baron, a Danish general returning from a mission to St. Petersburg, and two or three students.<br />
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At no period of our passage were we really in open water, the islands thickening as we advanced; some barren rocks, and others clothed to the water's edge with fir trees; few inhabited, and those only by solitary fishermen, whose little huts gave the only indications of life. It was a beautiful day, and the waters were as a sheet of glass, showing distinctly the ripples of the numerous wild-fowl as they swam by, and the lazy plunge of the seal as it scrambled off the rocks at our approach. It was the most peaceful scene I have ever witnessed : it was Sunday, and nature was in harmony with the day of rest : the very birds seemed to possess a sense of protection ; for, unalarmed by the steam-boat, they floated on the water within gun-shot, and stood preening them selves on the rocky islets, so close that I could distinguish their varieties with my naked eye. I have made a vow to read this page of the book of nature a little closer; and if ever I have the power, I will spend a month in the spring of the year to learn a little more of these my favourites.<br />
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It was evening as we neared Abo, whose now forsaken observatory, perched high on an eminence, we had occasionally caught glimpses of in the distance ; and, after following the sinuosities of a creek imbedded in hills of rock, the town suddenly opened on our view, and we were moored alongside a vessel from Hull. It was a fragment of English ; and, notwithstanding my cosmopolitish feelings, my heart glowed and vibrated as if the chord of home had been touched, the home of my early recollections and affections, for the later ones bore no fruit of promise. Again I was a wanderer in search of shelter, and again I found it in a Society's house; but the rest I required, after the fatigue of the three previous days and exposure at night on the deck, was impossible; for the room swarmed with vermin, which sprang into activity before I lost consciousness in sleep. I passed the night on a bench in the garden, the only safe place I could have found, as the landlord told me, for the whole town is infested with these scourges of rest, beyond all belief.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Edward P. Thompson: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433066635644">Life in Russia; or, The discipline of despotism.</a> 1848</div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-88050867811685874792020-03-23T21:56:00.000-07:002020-03-23T21:56:00.136-07:00Farther on, the road and the country improveSince the peace, however, the whole of Finland has become part of the Russian Empire, and is incorporated with the Government of Wyburg. The distance between St. Petersburg and Abo is about 640 versts, and the road from the capital, as far as Wyburg, sandy, dreary, and uninteresting. Wyburg, the capital of the Government which bears its name, carries on some trade in deals, tar, and timber, but in every other respect is unworthy of notice. Farther on, the road and the country improve; and before we reach the Kymen we have to pass through Friederickshamn, where there is a garrison and a good many inhabitants, but no foreign trade. The road to the west of the Kymen is excellent as far as Abo, and the country fertile and variegated in a great degree. When this tract belonged to Sweden, it furnished Stockholm with large supplies of corn, and was considered one of the richest appendages of the Swedish Crown.<br />
<br />
We pass through some pretty little towns, such as Louisa, Borgo, and Helsingfors. The celebrated fortress of Sveaborg lies within a mile of Helsingfors; and now that it is in the possession of the Russians, they will no doubt render it perfectly impregnable.<br />
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The accommodation generally all through Finland is very bad; and travellers would do well to have a bed in their carriage to be used in case of need, and to have moreover some cold provisions, tea and sugar.<br />
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Abo is a bishopric, and contains about 10,000 inhabi tants. It is a town of great antiquity; and in addition to a fine cathedral, they have an Academy, which was founded by Queen Christina, and formely very much resorted to. Under the Swedish Government, Abo served as a place of security for their galley fleet and sea-stores; and its situation, close to the Gulf of Bothnia, is admirably adapted for that purpose. During my short stay there, I received the kindest attentions from the celebrated Professor Porthan, for whom I had letters of introduction.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Thomas Brown: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082467873">The reminiscences of an old traveller throughout different parts of Europe.</a> 1843</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-54931833677156465452020-03-13T20:40:00.000-07:002020-03-13T20:40:05.810-07:00Better collections of animals and exotic plants than are possessed by the combined cities of New York, Boston, and ChicagoThe city of Abo, about five miles from the sea, contains a population of over 20,000 souls. It has good hotels, stores, manufacturing establishments, schools, parks, and fountains; a botanical garden, a theatre, telegraph lines, a daily newspaper, and a fine railroad depot. On either side of the river leading to the sea are numerous fine private residences having their docks, yachts, and bath houses, and surrounded by lawns and flowers, rivaling Long Branch and surpassing the approaches to the American metropolis. A New Yorker, accustomed to viewing with placid satisfaction the beauties of the shores of his city's harbor, and visiting Finland with the expectation of finding a scene of almost Arctic sterility and hyperborean frosts, soon realizes his mistake.<br />
<br />
Helsingfors, the Capital of Finland, contains about 50,000 population, and is the principal distributing city of the country. It has many magnificent five-story stores, two theatres, a military academy, a great university, a telegraph school, an astronomical observatory, electriclights, two daily newspapers, an immense sugar refinery, one of the best hotels in Europe, and better collections of animals and exotic plants than are possessed by the combined cities of New York, Boston, and Chicago.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Demas Barnes: <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t05x2tj4f">In search of summer breezes in northern Europe</a>. 1887</div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-44606468539269733462020-03-09T21:13:00.000-07:002020-03-09T21:13:09.818-07:00incomprehensible melancholy of the people of the NorthOn entering these whitened deserts, a poetic terror takes possession of the soul ; you pause, affrighted, on the threshold of the palace of winter. As you advance in these abodes of cold illusions, of visions, brilliant, though with a silvered rather than a golden light, an indefinable kind of sadness takes possession of the heart ; the failing imagination ceases to create, or its feeble conceptions resemble only the undefined forms of the wanly glittering clouds that meet the eye.<br />
<br />
When the mind reverts from the scenery to itself, it is to partake of the hitherto incomprehensible melancholy of the people of the North ; and to feel, as they feel, the fascination of their monotonous poetry. This initiation into the pleasures of sadness is pain- ful, while it is pleasing ; you follow with slow steps the chariot of death, chaunting hymns of lamentation, yet of hope ; your sorrowing soul lends itself to the illusions around, and sympathises with the objects that meet the sight ; the air, the mist, the water, all produce a novel impression. There is, whether the impression be made through the organ of smell or of touch, something strange and unusual in the sensa- tion ; it announces to you that you are approaching the confines of the habitable world ; the icy zone is before you, and the polar air pierces even to the heart. This is not agreeable, but it is novel and very strange. <br />
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Marquis de Custine's "Empire of the Czar". <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t28916d3m">Curiosities of modern travel; a year-book of adventure. 1844</a>Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-46027905006907323662020-02-13T20:54:00.000-08:002020-02-13T20:54:03.513-08:00Such is a Finnish church service<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0RjgipQF_s01ijGEvCRxF05hJdWz0l2PpCuq_2PX-IroOQHnAyMmw8Tzh0D1ZTnoQoyg3jb-hVdCxvhWGyjStzRu74v5WE9oOYPb62XrGSd5EtoPjLJH55EmCu01WCgwv9xfSB8pOxpoM/s1600/nyp.33433066622279-seq_123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="1043" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0RjgipQF_s01ijGEvCRxF05hJdWz0l2PpCuq_2PX-IroOQHnAyMmw8Tzh0D1ZTnoQoyg3jb-hVdCxvhWGyjStzRu74v5WE9oOYPb62XrGSd5EtoPjLJH55EmCu01WCgwv9xfSB8pOxpoM/s400/nyp.33433066622279-seq_123.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
Sunday morning I paid a visit to the church, the exterior of which was under repair. The two great silver crosses on the towers flashed in the sun. There were about half-a-dozen people seated in the great body of the church, formed by the four wings. The high walls are covered with dark, rough deals, on which there are some strange ornamentations in red and green. But where is the clergyman ? Twist your neck, so that the line of sight forms an angle with the horizon of 45°, and you will see, high above the altar, a little, barrel-shaped pulpit, and in this the head and shoulders of the parson. He wears a fur coat and cap, a little white " bib " alone indicating his dignity. He preaches in the peculiar Finnish tongue, the many "ä's" of which impart to it a very strange sonorousness. But what has become of the parson ? In the middle of the sermon he has suddenly disappeared in the barrel ; in about a minute he re appears, and continues where he left off. This is one of the prescribed forms of the Finnish ritual. Then an attempt is made to sing a hymn, previous to which a figure clad in furs, sitting to the right of the altar, has attached the number to a moveable disk. This over, the parson proceeds with his drawling address. Such is a Finnish church service.<br />
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Sophus Tromholt: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433066622279">Under the rays of the aurora borealis : in the land of the Lapps and Kvaens. Vol. II</a>. 1885</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-58319081614495143732020-02-09T20:28:00.000-08:002020-02-09T20:28:00.268-08:00He sold his farm to his brotherIn Kuopio we met with some good people, particularly a peasant, of whom I had formerly heard much. He is an active promoter of the cause of God in Finland. After he was brought to the knowledge of the truth, he formed the resolution of devoting himself wholly to the cause of God among his countrymen. He sold his farm to his brother, for a reasonable price, on condition that he would furnish him with clothes and board, provide a warm room for him, and feed his horse. His money lies at interest in his brother’s hand, and he devotes the annual income to the cause of religion. His chief object is the circulation of Tracts. He has had nine or ten of our best Tracts translated into Finnish, and printed at his own expense, among which is The Dairyman’s-Daughter. As soon as he gets a quantity of Tracts ready, he puts his horse to his cart, and sets off. selling them, and giving them away all over the country. He also exhorts the people to flee from the wrath to come, and has been useful in the conversion of some. He is connected with all the good people within his circle, visits them, and encourages them to persevere in the way of the Lord. In short, he is almost an Apostle. He has also borne the expense of a young man’s education at Abo, who promises to be a. most useful preacher of the Gospel, and who at present assists in translating his Tracts and getting them printed.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112081903517">Annual report of the New York Religious Tract Society. ... 1816/17-1818/19.</a></div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-20218725664713999622020-01-23T21:13:00.000-08:002020-01-23T21:13:01.445-08:00There is only one thing to be seen — the uncouth Gothic cathedralAbo is a deserted village : a few vessels lie idly in the harbor ; one or two small hotels wait idly on the quay. In the broad, silent streets, the houses, built of wood, are only one story high and very far apart, their doorways level with the ground. There is only one thing to be seen — the uncouth Gothic cathedral ; and unless one is in a mood for horrors it may better be avoided, for in the crypt the dead stand dressed in the garb of the living, as they do in the ghastly church of the Capucines at Rome and the cemetery at Palermo.<br />
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By the captain's advice we decided on a drive to the park of Runsala, four or five miles away, which would at least take us to fresh fields and pastures new. The national "droschkies" are small, narrow, dingy one-horse vehicles which possess unlimited capacity for jolt and rattle ; are started at full gallop, and continued at as breathless a pace as if pursued by a pack of wolves. Remonstrance was hopeless, for the drivers talked Finnish, and we did not ; and moreover it is the national pace. However, the park was reached without accident ; and though it has no merit of cultivation, it affords pretty views and shaded walks. The restaurant dinner served on the veranda was rather eccentric in quality and condiment ; but on the whole this excursion is more entertaining than to sit idly on the deck while the steamer pauses in the harbor.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Mrs. S. M. Henry Davis: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t3pv75r5f">Norway nights and Russian days</a>. 1887</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-66042274730290729332020-01-18T20:36:00.000-08:002020-01-18T20:36:04.015-08:00Finnish sledgeAt Hudiksvall, I procured, at the small cost of thirty-six shillings, a kind of sledge, that I had been looking out for during the whole journey, and which I recommend to those who travel so far to the north. It is that in general use in Finland, and is as convenient as the most luxurious carriage. Being narrow, it is not suited for more than one person, but is sufficiently long to admit of his lying in it at full length, and using it as a bed, if he be not inclined to try the comforts of the post-houses. The driver sits on the fore part, which is boarded over, and forms a box large enough to contain a moderate quantity of luggage. Throughout the north of Sweden, the form of the sledge varies every hundred miles, and the shape adopted in one part is unsuited to the style of country in another, but the Finnish sledge answers for hill or plain, and is rarely stopped by any depth of snow.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Arthur Dillon: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015058547384">A winter in Iceland and Lapland. v.2</a>. 1840</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-53765386000700474952020-01-07T07:44:00.000-08:002020-01-07T07:44:01.072-08:00The first intention was to replace the destroyed boats, nets, &c.F. Uhden remarked to us that the printing of 100,000 copies, by the Bible Society, of the New Testament and the Psalms, in their own language, had made a deep impression on the Finnish people ; but after the ravages committed on the property of unarmed and unoffending fishermen and peasants, during the war, the cry was, ' Can these be the English — our friends ? ' — to which he sometimes replied, ' The English who send you the Bible are not the same persons as the English who carry on the war.'<br />
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On their return to England the two gentlemen immediately set on foot a subscription by which nearly £9,000 was raised. The first intention was to replace, as far as the money would go, the destroyed boats, nets, &c. But the failure of the crops in Finland that autumn, and the severity of the succeeding winter, rendered it necessary to expend the greater part in food. This was done, and corn, meal, potatoes, with some clothes, fishing-nets, &c, were purchased and were distributed through resident merchants and the Lutheran clergy. This work of true Christian charity produced the happiest effects. " On behalf of all the suffering poor," wrote one correspondent, " who have received food and clothes out of the £50, I beg to return you their most heartfelt thanks ; ' God bless the English gentlemen ! ' has already been uttered by many lips." "We wish," said another, "to express the joy which this subscription has excited, both amongst us and amongst all our friends who have already been informed of it, not only on account of the relief afforded, but also for the sympathy shown for our country." E. Julin, of Abo, says : " I am sure the feeling of good-will of the Finnish nation towards England and Englishmen, which certainly became weakened during the war, is now regained." Two gentlemen of Birmingham, one of them Joseph Sturge's nephew, who visited, in 1857, the places to which help had been sent, reported to the same effect. " Those feelings," they say, " of hostility and bitterness towards England which were caused by the wanton and unjustifiable destruction of private property by our cruisers during the war, are now being effectually removed by the knowledge that the friendly hand of England has been spontaneously and generously extended towards them, at a time when Finland was suffering from famine and its attendant evils.<br />
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<div style="text-align: right;">
Charles Tylor: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433006586337">The Faggot</a>. 1876</div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-40941206473170703492019-12-29T20:38:00.000-08:002019-12-29T20:38:00.307-08:00The Geography of the North owes much to the researches of Professor ParrotThe Geography of the North owes much to the researches of Professor Parrot, well known for his ascent of Mount Ararat, who made a journey in the course of last summer to North Cape, at the expense of the University of Dorpat, for the purpose of making astronomical and magnetical observations, and of noting the oscillations of the pendulum. He left Dorpat, and travelling through Russian Finland by Wyborg, Kuopio, and Uleaborg. reached Torneo. In that remote little town, at the head of the Gulf of Bothnia, he was surprised to find a comfortable inn, and markets well supplied with the produce of the South. He proceeded on his route by an interesting navigation of 380 miles up the rivers Tornea and Muonio, sometimes between hills well peopled and cultivated, but more frequently through thick woods. The rivers, in some places, opened into lakes, in others they fell in bold cascades. At length he reached the sources of the Muonio, about 1400 feet above the sea, and close to the borders of the three kingdoms, Sweden, Norway, and Russia. Leaving his boat on the shores of the lake, and placing his instruments and baggage on the shoulders of eight sturdy Finlanders, M. Parrot crossed on foot the Scandinavian ridge, through the most diversified scenery imaginable ; patches of snow lying in the clefts of the rocks, while at their feet was a most luxuriant herbage, with berries of many kinds, and the full bloom of a short but vigorous summer. The little lakes and cascades were without number. He had not advanced far through this wild scenery before he descried the waters of Lyngenfiord, an inlet which runs a long way into the land.<br />
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<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081740916">The monthly magazine, or, British register. v. 25 (Jan. -June 1838)</a></div>
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Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-74837143142426503202019-12-17T06:19:00.000-08:002019-12-17T06:19:02.273-08:00Guided to his home by the light of a conflagrationAt Uitzoki the party found the pastoral residence occupied by one of those men who sacrifice on the shrine of Christian duty, not merely the comforts of civilized life, but talents and acquirements of a high order. On accepting his charge he had performed the journey from Tornea in the depth of winter, accompanied by a young wife and a female relation of the latter, fifteen years of age. He had found the parsonage vacated by his predecessor a wretched edifice, distant some fifteen miles from the nearest Lap habitation. After establishing himself and his family in this, he had returned from a pastoral excursion, guided to his home by the light of a conflagration from which its inmates had escaped with difficulty, but with a total loss of everything they possessed. A wretched hut, built for the temporary shelter of the Laps who resorted thither for divine service, afforded the family a shelter for the winter. He had since contrived to build himself another dwelling, in which our party found him, after five years' residence, the father of a family, and the chief of a happy household. The latter was destined to be diminished by the visit of our travellers. The susceptible Durmann fell a victim to the attractions and accomplishments, musical especially, of the young lady, and he left Uitzoki, in company with our author, for Enare, a betrothed man. Their journey was hurried, for Mr. D. was engaged to perform service at the church of Enare, and love had delayed his departure to the last moment. The second of their three days' journey was one of eight Swedish, or nearly sixty English, miles, performed in wet clothes, and almost without rest or sustenance, for sixteen consecutive hours.<br />
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<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5v69bv93">Essays on history, biography, geography, engineering &c. contributed to the 'Quarterly Review' by the late Earl of Ellesmere</a>. 1858<br />
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-65520412991063730452019-12-08T20:21:00.000-08:002019-12-08T20:21:05.467-08:00The nobility of Finland also unfortunately prove an exception to this ruleIf we except the inhabitants of a few Finnish villages within the government of St. Petersburg, which, having fallen within the pale of the Russian empire at a very early period, were reduced to servage, it is surprising how little the constant contact with Russia and Russians has altered the Finnish character, even in those free villages which are situated in the vicinity of the metropolis, and which draw their subsistence from it, by sending thither their fish and dairy produce. The nobility of Finland also unfortunately prove an exception to this rule. Selected for offices of trust by the Russian government, with the double view of gaining them over to its interests, and securing the services of public servants whose probity rendered them valuable in the vast sink of the Russian administration, so far from operating favourably on its corruption, they have become themselves perverted and corrupted.<br />
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For many years past, a considerable contraband trade with St. Petersburg has been carried on by the Finns, all foreign articles being only subject to a nominal duty in Finland, and to a very heavy one in passing the Border of Russia Proper. It is principally carried on in sledges across the Gulf of Finland, and the small and active horses bred in the country, which are harnessed to them by the smugglers, are very fast trotters, and are sometimes purchased at high prices for this purpose.<br />
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Charles Frederick Henningsen: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433006069060">Revelations of Russia in 1846, by an English resident. Vol II.</a> 1846</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-91076982024444069052019-12-07T06:10:00.000-08:002019-12-07T06:10:00.133-08:00As I advanced I found every thing getting more and more RussianThe first night I slept at Bjorsby, which is nothing but a miserable post-house, and early in the morning set off for Helsingfors, a tolerable sea-port town, defended by the fortress of Sveaborg, said to be the strongest in Finland. As dining and sleeping comprised the whole of my operations there, I can only say that I performed them both very commodiously, particularly the former with the assistance of partridges and a cock of the woods, of which there are a prodigious number. On the twenty-sixth I arrived at Louisa, which, as well as I remember, Coxe represents to be a neat town ; on this subject I can only say that his ideas of neatness by no means coincide with mine. The following day I crossed the frontier into Russian Finland, when my baggage was searched at both extremities of a bridge, which divides the territories of the King of Sweden from those of the Emperor ; and after having obtained an order for horses from the officer stationed on the frontier, I found myself in the evening at Frederickshams. As this country formerly belonged to the Swedes, the inhabitants preserve their own customs and religion ; but as I advanced I found every thing getting more and more Russian ; the churches began to be ornamented with gilt domes, and the number of persons wearing beards, continued to increase.<br />
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<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t4bp07g02">The remains of the late Lord Viscount Royston : with a memoir of his life</a>. 1838</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-80192808305905033492019-11-26T22:29:00.000-08:002019-11-26T22:29:03.414-08:00In the Month of September 1741, she pierced her Navel with an AwlWhen I wrote this, I had not seen a remarkable Case published in the Philosophical Transactions of September, of a Woman, from whom a Fœtus was extracted, that had been lodged thirteen Years in the Fallopian Tubes, sent from Riga by Dr. James Mounsey, Physician to the Czarina's Army together with the Bones of the said Fœtus, as a Present to the Royal Society of London. The Woman, as we are told in that ingenious Treatise, was a Soldier's Wife of Abo in Finland, of a middle Stature, who, being pregnant for the third Time in the Year 1730, was afflicted with violent Pains and Twistings of the Bowels, &c. and continued sickly for ten Years afterwards. In the Month of September 1741, she pierced her Navel with an Awl, out of which ran a yellow-coloured Water, &c, In the Month of June two small Bones came out, &c. and in October 1742, she was taken in Hand by Dr. Mounsey, and Mr. Geitle, Surgeon, who thurst a grooved Probe into the Fistula, and made an Incision with a Bistory, upwards and obliquely, from the Linea alba, into the Cavity of the Abdomen ; but the Woman being unruly (as well she might) and the Operation not going on according to the Doctor's liking, he proceeded no further till the next Day, &c. At the next Operation the Incision was carried downwards ; but Care taken not to make the external Wound larger than needful, lest the Omentum and Guts should fall out, &c. In short, the Fœtus was at length extracted Piece-meal at several difficult Operations. Now comparing all these Circumstances together, it seems reasonable to believe that this Fruit never was in the Cavity of the Womb, but that the impregnated Ovum was stopt in its Passage through one of the Fallopian Tubes, where it grew and was detained so many Years. Nothing therefore can be concluded from hence against the Cause I have assigned of my Maid's Pregnancy (as a certain learned Gentleman of the Royal Society, who communicated this Story to me, seemed to imagine) for the Cases are very different ; and the uncommon delay of this Finland Woman's Delivery was owing to the præternatural Situation of the Fœtus.<br />
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A letter humbly addressed to the Royal Society. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015051415159">Fugitive pieces on various subjects. By several authors. Vol I.</a> 1771<br />
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-12832274751982154932019-11-17T05:54:00.000-08:002019-11-17T05:54:01.063-08:00The other Finn was at the wheel at the time<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The ship was loaded so deeply and was leaking so much, and moreover had such wretched pumps, that many misgivings were expressed as to her ever crossing the Atlantic safely. The superstitious among the crew were still more disaffected when two Finnish sailors came on board, for a Finn is believed to have dealings with the evil one, and to be a dangerous shipmate. We sailed for Boston one September morning, and beat down the Gulf of Finland. The crew that were shipped at New Diep were to get fifteen dollars a month, but wages were higher in Cronstadt, and the two Finnish sailors had shipped for twenty dollars. They had signed articles to that effect, drawn up by the American Consul. This grieved the captain's economic soul, and the day after we sailed, he called one of the Finns into the cabin and summoned me for a witness. He told the man that if he didn't prove to be a first-class, able seaman, he should cut his wages down to ten dollars a month ; but, if he would sign the articles that the rest of the crew were on, and accept fifteen dollars, he would say nothing about his seamanship. The man was confident of his ability, and had every appearance of a thorough seaman. He understood English imperfectly, and was somewhat bewildered by this proposition, but he realized it was a scheme to defraud him of five dollars a month, and he respectfully declined to sign the new articles, saying, he had signed once before the consul and that was his bargain. After a little useless argument, the captain rose and shut the cabin door ; then he caught the man by the neck with his left hand, and gave him a blow with his right fist that knocked him down. He jumped on his chest two or three times with his whole weight ; and then kneeling on top of him pounded his face severely. The man cried out for mercy and promised to sign. He was then helped to the table and wrote his name on the fifteen dollar articles. The other Finn was at the wheel at the time, and whether he heard anything of what was going on or not, he seemed to lose his head just then, and ran the ship off her course. The mate, perceiving it, struck him and put another man in his place. He was just coming forward as the captain and his shipmate stepped out of the cabin. The bruised face of his comrade startled him, and when the captain told him to go into the cabin he refused, supposing he was going to be beaten for his bad steering. The captain, without further words, seized a belaying pin from the rail and hit him a powerful blow on the head, which cut a deep gash on the side of his forehead, and in a moment his face was one mass of blood. The steward and myself carried him into the cabin, by his head and heels, and seating him on a stool in a state-room, bound up his broken head with strips of sail cloth in lieu of rags. The captain brought a pen to him and told him to write his name on the old articles.<br />" What ish dis ? " he asked.<br />"Do as you're told, " said the captain, and the man signed.<br />The captain then put a pair of handcuffs on the man's wrists, though he was as quiet as possible, and he was left to meditate on the privileges of sailing under that symbol of freedom and justice, the American flag. </blockquote>
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Robert C. Adams: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5db7zr5v">On board the "Rocket"</a>. 1879</div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-63046951144251135982019-11-05T21:16:00.000-08:002019-11-05T21:16:03.774-08:00No country is better adapted to BotanyThis part of Finland is not so extensive as Swedish Finland. It is remarkable that in both countries the productions of nature are sooner ripe in the parts covered with forests, than on the sea-coast and on islands. There the people breathe a more salubrious air. In the towns on the sea, only one of sixty dies annually, while there is born one of forty three. No country is better adapted to Botany. There are enumerated near thirteen hundred different kinds of plants, besides a great number of herbs fit for divers uses. They raise also several kinds of grain, such as wheat, rye, oats, barley, but all of them, especially wheat; in quantities too scanty for the supply of the inhabitants. The interval between seed-time and harvest is from ten to twelve weeks. The Finns apply principally to the culture of tobacco, which thrives uncommonly in their country. As to trees, those which bear fruit, such as Cherry and Plumb-trees, are almost always destroyed by the rigours of winter; the Mulberry is planted and thrives only on the islands ; the Oak does not grow beyond 61, and the Ash beyond 62 degrees.<br />
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Chantreau: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082493440">Philosophical, political, and literary travels in Russia during the years 1788 & 1789. Volume first.</a> 1794</div>
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(Anthony Cross (In the land of the Romanovs) tulkitsee matkakertomuksen toisen käden tiedoksi.)</div>
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<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-44921674041197127082019-11-01T21:31:00.000-07:002019-11-01T21:31:00.213-07:00Helsingfors is not an old city, but has some very fine public buildings<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The second day out, we touched at Helsingfors, the capital of Finland. We had always supposed the Lapps and Finns to be quite on a level ; but we found that in this we were greatly mistaken. Finland is not at all the forsaken, half-barbarous land we had pictured it. [...]<br />
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Helsingfors is not an old city, but has some very fine public buildings. Most of the houses are built of brick, roughly joined together, covered with a coating of white plaster that resembles stone, and is said to be very durable. Yet Finland is noted for its beautiful marble, most of which is taken to Russia. Many of the smaller houses have double windows, and the ledge between them is filled with dried moss to keep out the cold. The government buildings were striking, but dazzling, with their pure white walls. On an eminence in the distance stood a large Greek church, with walls of red brick, cupolas capped with brazen balls, and roof of snowy white. This was to be painted green — a favorite color with the Russians.<br />
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Strolling about the city under the hot sun, we were suddenly startled by the cry of fire. We fol lowed the crowd a long distance. The firemen were very slow — running on foot, with the hose in their hands, while the water for their use was carried in barrels. Several cottages were burned, in spite of the cries and bustle in trying to put out the flames.<br />
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Mary Louise Ninde Gamewell. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015011938183">We two alone in Europe.</a> 1886</div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-14329647048955582202019-10-28T12:41:00.001-07:002019-10-28T12:42:40.182-07:00à la finnoise<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Fannie Merritt Farmer: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d02396051p">The original Boston cooking-school cook book 1896</a><br />
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Felix J. Déliée: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951000957290m">The Franco-American cookery book; or, How to live well and wisely every day in the year</a>. 1907<br />
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<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t7fr0n222">Explanations of all terms used in Coockery-Cellaring and the preparation of drinks</a>. 1908<br />
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Charles Herman Senn: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082243688">The menu book</a>. 1908<br />
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Charles Ranhofer: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433008873139">The epicurean : a complete treatise of analytical and practical studies on the culinary art : including table and wine service, how to prepare and cook dishes, an index for marketing, a great variety of bills of fare for breakfasts, luncheons, dinners, suppers, ambigus, buffets, etc., and a selection of interesting bills of fare of Delmonico's, from 1862 to 1894 : making a Franco-American culinary encyclopedia.</a> 1916</div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-11457689142054009072019-10-26T22:55:00.000-07:002019-10-26T22:55:08.851-07:00Very affecting scenes even among the rugged rocks of FinlandHow desolate, how rigid soever the northern climates may be deemed — nature in its rudest state will still in some respect present me with a pleasing prospect. I have been witness of very affecting scenes even among the rugged rocks of Finland. - I have seen there summers finer and more serene than those of the tropics, days without night, lakes so covered with swans, ducks, woodcocks, plovers, &c. that one might say they had forsaken all other waters to come hither and build their nests. The sides of the rocks are frequently covered with moss of a shining purple, and the Kloucva<br />
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A beautiful kind of creeper with a red flower</blockquote>
with its flowers of scarlet, and leaves of lively green, having spread abroad a carpet on the ground, meets with the stately fir, and round the dusky pyramid twines its fragrant branches, forming retreats alike adapted to love or to philosophy. In a deep valley, and on the margin of a meadow, stood the mansion of a gentleman of family, where repose was undisturbed, save by the sound of a torrent of water, which the eye saw with pleasure falling and foaming upon the black surface of a neighbouring rock. 'Tis true, that in winter the verdure and the birds disappear together. Wind, snow, hoar frost, and hail envelope and beat upon the house, while chearfulness and hospitality reign within. They will go fifteen leagues to visit each other, and the arrival of a friend proclaims a festival for a week :<br />
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The women are of their parties, and 'tis but just that as they bear their husbands company in the wars, they should preside in their entertainments. Instances of conjugal affection, among these people are frequent and extraordinary. The wives of some general officers I have known, have followed their husbands in the field from their first entering into the army. Note of the Author.</blockquote>
they drink the healths of their guests, their ladies, and their great men, to the sound of horns and drums. The old men sit smoaking by the fire and relate the feats of their youth, while the young fellows in their boots, dance to the fife or tabor, round the Finland maid ; who in her furred petticoat, appears like Minerva in the midst of the youths of Sparta.<br />
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Bernardin de Saint-Pierre: <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081594719">A voyage to the Isle of Mauritius, (or, Isle of France), the Isle of Bourbon, yhe Cape of Good-Hope, &c. With observations and Reflections upon Nature and Mankind.</a> 1775<br />
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-60248375565463186262019-10-17T03:19:00.000-07:002019-10-17T03:19:05.996-07:00Russians and Finns, but with great differenceIn the government of St. Petersburg, husbandry is the business of the Russians and Finns, but with great difference. The former live together in valleys, the latter singly or by families.— The former generally labours his old land, the latter strives to lessen his work, at the expence of the parish. They differ also in their instruments of husbandry; the Finnish are more light and simple than the Russian: they use only the branch harrow ; their little country carts are not, like the Russian, on two, but one axle-tree; and the wheels never shod with iron. Some times, they employ two poles, fastened at one end to the two sides of the saddle, and the other two trailing on the ground.<br />
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Sketch of the Agriulture of the Russian Empire. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433007782117">The Commecial and Agricultural magazine for 1799. Vol. I. From August to December</a></div>
Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8235170912626389309.post-39020332700211969562019-10-05T10:01:00.000-07:002019-10-05T10:01:00.342-07:00When the Finlander with surprising boldness and dexterity<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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In the Plate, a native of Finland having slain a Bear, is seen, according to the custom of that country, offering thanks to the Deity for his success. The hardy inhabitants of this province seldom shoot the Bears ; but attack them with a short spear, and rarely with any other weapon. They first approach the retreat of the Bear, and by irritating him, induce him to come forth to the attack. As soon as the animal beholds the assailant, he rises on his hind legs, to encircle htm in his grasp, when the Finlander with surprising boldness and dexterity, rushes into the embrace, and plunges the concealed weapon in the shaggy monster's heart.<br />
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<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000727978">Foreign field sports, fisheries, sporting anecdotes, &c.&c. (1819)</a></div>
<br />Kaisa Kyläkoskihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06600668662158114014noreply@blogger.com0